Two sides to welfare Essay Example for Free

Two sides to welfare Essay In this discussion we were suppose to side with either the Conservative side or the Moderate side. The Conservative side had points about the welfare which best described my opinion about welfare. One the other hand the moderate view also had several points to the welfare reform. The welfare issue in the U.S. can not be handled in a similar way for everyone. There are certain cases and situations which show that welfare shouldnt be handled in the same way for everyone. Their should be different procedures for extreme cases, and their should be some sort of restriction too. The government should provide some sort of aid because every state has different procedures of determining welfare. The time restriction in one way is very useful for the society in a whole but again it should be determined by the eligibility. For example, if someone is severely disabled, that person wont be helped enough if the time limit is just five year. So, I believe there should be longer time given to the people who deserved it. The thing about any government sector aid can be done in this way that the government watches over the states, so they dont pass a law that doesnt belong to welfare at all. I agree with the conservative view on welfare more than the moderate view. There are several reasons behind my opinion. Although, I agree that the needy families, single parents, and other in need should be helped financially, but I few issues regarding this. First of all, there should exist a tough procedure and valuation in order to get the welfare. The welfare shouldnt be available as the first thing to anyone who is in need and he/she has dependents. Instead, they should check out other opportunities before getting themselves into welfare. Although these people should be given welfare but should have some sort of penalty along with it. The welfare should be given to most extreme cases. Especially the single parents should be asked to make contributions to their budget as in a part-time job. I believe it is not fair to the tax payer who are working Twenty four hours and paying money for someone who is having couple of kids  as a single parenting while they are not able to support themselves. There should be some sort of pressure in order for single parenting population to receive this aid. A lot of people have created the welfare as their income source; this thing can only be stoped by having them work too, even if they are only working part-time. There should be no support available to the people who have child and they dont show interest in getting independent in future or do some sort of part-time job. For their children we should provide either adoption or some sort of centers which only look after their kids (provide them with food and shelter, not their grown up parents too). Welfare should go to the elderly and the disable people, because they are the people who really deserve the welfare. But still there comes the point of how did this person got disabled. Did it occur naturally or accidentally? If this happened naturally or accidentally it is a situation with is beyond the individuals control. But if, this person has became disabled because of drug abuses; I certainly wont agree that this person should be fed by government through out his/her life. This way at least we might be able to stop people from abusing themselves. Because these people know that they are getting all sorts of financial help they dont care about themselves and become a burden on the society. To reduce this sort of behavior among people some new reforms should be done to the welfare. Beyond the individuals are factors in the economy or society itself that may prevent people from getting a job that can support a family. Some groups suffer from discrimination that blocks them out of the better-paying, career jobs. Sometimes a persons skills are no longer needed in the system. In these cases we can at least help them by welfare for limited time.

Nature And Extent Of Globalisation Economics Essay

Nature And Extent Of Globalisation Economics Essay Globalisation in layman term, is commonly understood as the spread and connectedness of production, communication and technologies across the world. The International Monetary Fund defines globalisation as the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, freer international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Globalisation involves the exchange of culture, practices and technologies. It is more than internationalisation, thus has powerful economic, political, cultural and social dimensions. There are three main indicators of globalisation. These are international trade, the transfer of money capital and the movement of people between countries. Retail is the sale of goods and services from individuals or business to the end-user. Retailers are part of the supply chain. There are different types of retailers, such as department stores, discount stores, warehouse stores, convenience stores, hypermarkets, supermarket, malls and e-tailers. The retail industry can be divided into several strategic groups from small to super scale. Among all these strategic groups, Tesco, Carrefour, Wal Mart, Metro AG and Kroger are global top five retailers that have similar business models or similar combination of strategies. The aerospace industry includes authorities and companies involved in the manufacturing, operating and maintenance of aircraft, engines and aircraft equipments. There are different civil aviation stake holders, such as governments (Federal Aviation Administration, United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority, Civil Aviation Administration of China), airlines (British Airways, Cathay Pacific Airways, United Airlines), maintenance repair organisations (Hong Kong Aircraft Engineering Company, Singapore Aircraft Engineering Company), manufacturers (Boeing, Airbus, Rolls Royce), and private aircraft owners. The aviation industry can also be divided into several strategic groups which cover a large scope of business. Among all these strategic groups, Pratt Whitney, General Electric, CFM International and Rolls Royce are global top four civil aero engine manufacturers that have similar business models or similar combination of strategies. PESTEL analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal (Appendix Table 1). It is a tool to conduct a strategic analysis and provide an overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration to formulate the company strategy. In this portfolio we will focus on China Political, Economic, Technological in the areas of retail business and civil aviation. China with a population of over 1.3 billion is the worlds most populous country. China is the second largest county in the world by land area. Its total area is around 9,600.000 square kilometer. Since the economic reforms in 1978, China has become the worlds fastest-growing major economy. In 2012, China becomes the worlds second-largest economy, after the United States. It is also the worlds largest exporter and second-largest importer of goods. China is a single party state governed by the Communist Party. In 2011, Chinas GDP is around RMB47.2 trillion (1GBP=9.86RMB) , GDP growth rate 9.5%, income per capita RMB33,777, labour force 815.3 million, unemployment rate 6.1% and inflation 3.2%. The official language of China is Mandarin. English is popular among the younger. The literacy rate is 92.8%. The number of internet users reaches 500 million. Tianhe-1A worlds fastest supercomputer was developed in 2011. China has been the one of the states capable of sending human to the space. In 2009 the total sales in Chinas top 100 supermarkets is RMB575.6 billion, with CAGR of 15.6% from 2006 to 2009. The total number of supermarket outlets is 23,814. The Foreign-funded supermarket enterprise entered into China market in 2004 after the Chinese government lifted the restrictions on foreign capitals entry into Chinas retail industry. In 2009, the eight foreign-funded supermarkets including Carrefour, Wal-Mart and RT-Mart recorded total sales of RMB175.71 billions, with a total of 785 stores (Appendix 1, Table 2). The 31 domestic supermarkets (Better-Life, New Huadu, Wu Mart and Lianhua) recorded total sales of RMB391.3 billions, with a total of 23,004 stores. In the civil aviation sector, according to the forecast of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, China will have an increase of 4,583 civilian aeroplanes in the next 20 years. Chinese commercial aeroplane market will undoubtedly grow rapidly. To the year 2030, Chinas share of global aircraft fleet will increase from 9% to 15%. In addition, the business jet market has a huge growing capacity in the global industry. In the near future, China is still unable to produce its own commercial aero engine for its jets. All the civil aero engines are imported from overseas. The major players are Pratt Whitney, General Electric, CFM International and Rolls Royce. To help our clients understand the difference between United Kingdom and China Market in order to formalising their strategies, we apply the Ghemawats CAGE Distance Framework indentifying Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic difference or distance between United Kingdom and China. Socio-cultural difference such as Religion and Values are important factors affecting the companies enter into China Market. Chinas traditional religions are Buddhism and Taoism while Christianity and Catholicism are two major religions in United Kingdom. Western and Chinese companies conduct business in a very different way. In traditional Chinese societies, personal contacts and relationship are built around kinship and local network especially in retail industry. English is United Kingdoms national language where in China Mandarin is the most spoken language. This difference affects more on high end civil aviation industry than the retail industry. Ghemawat says Political barriers will remain a part of the picture for those globalizing their operations. China adopted a closed door policies until the mid-1970, the liberalisation of China after 1978 has resulted in the political climate being less restrictive than before. China accession into World Trade Organisation (WTO) in 2001 is an important milestone for the countrys economy. After entering into WTO, China started the reform to liberalise trading rights, eliminate no tariff barriers, improve market access to goods and services, reduce traffic rates and protect intellectual property rights. Although Chinese government try the best efforts to promote rule of law, systemic and endemic corruption, lack of transparency, inconsistently enforced laws and regulations, an unreliable legal system and weak intellectual property protection remain to be the barriers to business profitability in China. The level of state involvement in the economy through large number of state owned ente rprise remain high creating distortions in the market and protectionist measures for local and state enterprises continue to impede fair trade and competition. After the 2008 financial crises, there is a phenomenon that many private owned business were acquired by the state owned enterprise due to lack of liquidity. Chinas time zone is eight hours ahead of London and the flying time between two capitals is around ten hours. Ongoing structural reforms in China, export growth and investment has resulted in annually real GDP growth rates of around 10% over the past 4 years. Sustained high growth has reduced poverty and creating huge demand on consumer goods and air travel which generate business opportunity in both retail and aviation industry.

The Outsiders Movie Review Essay

The Outsiders Movie Review Essay The Outsiders movie is based on a book written by S.E Hinton. The story takes place in Oklahoma in the 1960s. It is about two gangs or social classes named the greasers and the socs. The greasers are the poor ones who live on the east side of town and the socs are the rich ones living on the west side of town. The socs enjoy going to the east side to beat up greasers. The main character is Ponyboy Curtis, an orphan living with his two older brothers. One night, after a fight at home Ponyboy and his friend Johnny Cade who also has problems at home, run away. Rising action of the movie is when the two boys spend the night at the park and get in a fight with some of the socs. The socs wanted to teach the boys a lesson because earlier that night they allowed themselves to go out with two soc girls. One of them was Sherry Valance goes to the same school as Ponyboy and is Bob Sheldons girlfriend. Johnny stabs Bob to death as he was trying to drown Ponyboy in a fountain. They run away and h ide in an old church away from town. Climax of the story is when the church sets on fire during a school visit and some children become trapped inside. Ponyboy, Johnny and Dallas Winston (Dally), a friend who came visit the two boys, run into the church to save the children. They in turn become heroes with their pictures spread all over the newspapers. Falling action of the story involves Johnny staying in the hospital because of his broken spine and severe burns. Also, after juvenile trials Ponyboy and Johnny are declared as not guilty of the crime and Ponyboy is allowed to stay in custody of his oldest brother Darry Curtis. However, the two gangs didnt want to let their arguments rest until they fought a fair fight. So they arranged for a rumble which the greasers won. In the denouement, Ponyboy and Dally go to the hospital to inform Johnny of the good news. Apparently Johnny dies during the visit. Out of anger and grief Dally robs a store and forces the police to shoot him down w hen he refuses to turn himself in. Ponyboy finds a note that Johnny wrote him before his death. The most obvious conflict in The Outsiders is the conflict between the two different social groups, a class versus class conflict. Greasers are poor and many of them have to drop out of school to help financing their families. Whereas the socs are rich kids with expensive cars and receive education with no worries. The gap between the two classes makes the socs look at the greasers as trash of the society. The class versus class conflict gives rise to a physical conflict between the socs and the greasers. Throughout the story there are physical fights between the two groups. Socs mainly do it for fun and also to prove to themselves that they are better and stronger than the greasers. There are two other conflicts in the story both in which Ponyboy is involved. Ponyboy appears to be in conflict with himself. At the beginning of the story Ponyboy is on his way home from the movies. He is spotted by a group of socs who chase him and beat him up. Ponyboy is well aware of the conflicts be tween the greasers and the socs and knows the danger of walking home on his own, but he still does so because he struggling to accept the hard life he is forced to live. He thinks it is unfair that he has to worry about simple things like going home from the movie when the socs can live their life the way they want to without any restrictions or worries. Moreover, Ponyboy likes literature and nature which is odd for a normal greaser. He struggles to reveal himself in front of others, because he knows they wouldnt understand him. The other conflict would be Ponyboy versus life or circumstances. Ponyboys parents passed away in a car crash. Since then he has been in custody of his oldest brother Darry. He always compared Darrys actions with those of his parents. He thought if his parents were alive he would be better off with them because Darry was too strict. Ponyboy also interpreted Darrys strictness as hate. He felt it was unfair for him to have a brother who only yells at him and tells him what to do. He also felt life was unfair towards his other brother Sodapop who had dropped out of school to work at a gas station in order to help financing their family. The Outsiders discusses a variety of themes. The first and major theme is the gap between the different social classes, particularly the gap between the rich and the poor. The story shows that the rich take advantage of their authority. They look down to greasers and see no value in them. They look at themselves as the better part of the society, hence they allow themselves to do whatever they want. But greasers have limitations. They can only defend themselves, they could never allow themselves to start a fight with the socs because they would not get away with it like the socs do. When Ponyboy and Johnny were having a walk with Sherry and her friend, Bob and his friend Randy show up and demand that the girls leave with them instantly. Sherry asks Ponyboy not to take it personal if she does not say hello at school. This incident, on the other hand, implies that socs may also have restricted actions due to the large gap between them and the greasers. Sherry fears of losing respect of other socs if she talks to a greaser at school. The restriction or limitation that the gap has placed on Sherry might appear not be as significant as the one placed on the greasers. Still, it is of great matter because it shows that problems between the socs and the greasers have an effect on both groups. The second theme is about bravery. The Outsiders makes a valued point with this theme, which is that bravery is not about what class you belong to. Bravery is more about individualism. After the fire, when Ponyboy was in the ambulance car and told the teacher accompanying him to the hospital that he was a greaser, the man was surprised and wouldnt really believe him. This emphasizes that the society judges the greasers and views them as uncivilized people. The society would have never expected such brave action from a greaser. Another vey important theme would be the appreciation of family. Before the death of Bob, there was not much harmony between Ponyboy and his brothers. Darry was nearly always giving Ponyboy orders or shouting at him, which upset Ponyboy. Sodapop was torn between the two sides. When Ponyboy ran away with Johnny, the brothers learned to appreciate each other, especially Darry and Ponyboy. Ponyboy finally understood that Darry loves him and Darry learned that he should just change the way he treats Ponyboy so they could have a better life. The last theme would be the changes one undergoes during adolescence. Ponyboy matured throughout the story becoming more wise, understanding and less judging. After recollecting his conversation with Sherry and her actions, Bobs death and a conversation with Randy, Ponyboy realizes that socs have different sides too. They could be good people too. Ponyboy is the narrator and the main character of the story. He is a dynamic character and develops in a number of ways. Ponyboy is a greaser like his brothers and his friends, but also differs from them in many ways. Ponyboy is dreamy and innocent when compared to most greasers. He is not as tough and experienced as the others. Despite the fact that he is poor and the environment he lives in is quite uncivilized, Ponyboy is a good student and also interested in literature, nature and movies. Ponyboy knows that this isnt normal for a greaser, so he keeps his thoughts mainly to himself. Sometimes however he shares them with his brother Sodapop because he does not judge him and tries to be understanding of Ponyboys different side. When Ponyboy ran away with Johnny to hide at the church, he used to read to Johnny Gone with the wind. Also, once while watching a sunrise with Johnny, Ponyboy cited a few lines from the poem Nothing Gold can stay by Robert Frost. Johnny was amazed by the lin es and Ponyboy learned that Johnny had a different side too. He could understand literature and was appreciative of the beauty of nature like Ponyboy was. This encouraged him to open up and reveal himself to Johnny. Throughout the story Ponyboy becomes more experienced, mature and understanding. He learns too look at the full picture and not take things only from his point of view. When Dallas went to visit Ponyboy and Johnny in the church, his brothers send him a note telling him how much they miss him and that they want him back home. It is then when Ponyboy realizes that Darrys strictness comes out of love. He learns to understand that Darry loves him and that he fears that through any mistakes or misbehavior Ponyboy is might taken away from him and put into boys home. Ponyboy learns also not to be one-sided and not to judge people by what group they belong to. When Ponyboy goes back to town, he gets in a conversation with Randy. Randy tells him that he thinks his actions are brave and heroic and that he wouldnt have saved the children in the burning church. Ponyboy also gets to know from Randy that he grieves over Bobs death and that he regrets what happened, and that he is tired of the on-g oing conflict between socs and greasers. For the fist time Ponyboy looks at Randy as a normal guy and not as a soc. Ponyboy realizes that socs are not just sophisticated and materialistic people, they too have problems in their lives that seem almost perfect. When Sherri testified in the trials saying that Bob was the one looking for a fight with Ponyboy and Johnny, and decided work as a spy for the greasers bringing them information about the socs plans for the rumble, Ponyboy comes to understand that not all socs are the same, not all socs are for injustice. Ponyboy also realizes, with the help of Johnny, that he has other options than the rest of the greasers. Johnny left Ponyboy a note, in which he told him to stay gold, like in Robert Frosts poem. Johnny wanted Ponyboy to realize that there is much more to life than just the conflict between the greasers and the socs. By telling Ponyboy to stay gold, Johnny wanted Ponyboy to stay innocent and pure, and not let the problems with the socs make him tough, aggressive, and careless like most of the greasers. This made Ponyboy accept himself and the fact that he is different from others. To conclude, the story of The Outsiders has good content, even though it is an older one. I think its themes and conflicts are highly valuable as they still address many of the issues in todays world. It would be a good movie for the young people to watch because there are definitely things they could learn from the movie.

An Investigation and a Report into the Customer Services at Sainsburys :: Business and Management Studies: Case Studies

An Investigation and a Report into the Customer Services at Sainsburys Introduction For my business report on customer service I have chosen to investigate Sainsburys. Sainsburys is a leading UK and US food retailer; although Sainsbury's main business activity consists of food sales they also have interests in financial and property markets. The Sainsbury's group consists of Sainsburys supermarkets and bank in the UK and Shaws supermarkets in the US and employ a total of 172,900 people throughout their company. What is Customer service? Customer service is very important to every company and keeping customers satisfied can lead to a big increase in profit. A survey carried out by NOP showed that reducing customer defections can raise profits by 25-85% and in 73% of cases the organisation in question made no attempt to persuade dissatisfied customers to stay with their company, despite 35% of them saying a simple apology would prevent them from moving to their competitors. Another survey carried out by HENL showed that a 1% cut in customer service problems could generate a 16 million pound profit for a medium sized business over 5 years. This shows that customer satisfaction can actually generate money. Another example of the benefits of keeping current customers satisfied are the surveys produced by TARP and PriceWaterhouseCooper. This TARP survey showed that 68% of customer defection takes place because the customer feels that they have been poorly treated and that it can cost up to five times more to buy new customers than to retain existing ones. Customer satisfaction not only benefits sales of goods and services but can also lead to bills being paid earlier by the customer. PriceWaterhouseCooper and the university of Bradfordsurveyed 3000 businessmen and the results show that if there was high customer satisfaction then bills were paid up to 14 days earlier than where there was poor customer satisfaction. All of this evidence shows that customer service is an integral part of a successful company. The importance of customer service to Sainsburys is reflected in their mission statement: 'Our mission is to be the customers first choice for food, delivering products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together'. Types of customers There are many different types of customer and they fall mainly into two categories; external and internal. Â · External customers These are people who visit the store to buy their products or services and they all have different needs to be catered for. They are people such as the. Children (families)- Their need is equipment to be designed with their children's safety in mind. There will be a lot of families visiting Sainsburys to purchase

Vocational :: Business and Management Studies:

Vocational A. Calculate break even point on the basis of average guest per week. - Break even = Fixed costs Contribution - Fixed costs =  £35,000 +  £8,650 =  £43,650 - Contribution = Selling price – Variable costs - Selling price =  £150 per person - Variable costs =  £35 +  £3 + £5 +  £10 =  £53 - Contribution =  £150 -  £53 =  £97 - Break even =  £43,650  £97 = 450 guests - This shows that 450 guests are to be held within a 30 week period. Therefore for the charity to break even 15 guest are required each week. In order to heck that the answer I came to is correct I will take the 450 guests (answer I came to) and, should the answer be correct, income – (fixed costs + variable costs) would be equal to 0. Income = 450 x  £150 =  £67,500 Fixed costs =  £43, 650 Expenditure = 450 x Variable costs = 450 x  £53 =  £23, 850 Fixed costs + Variable costs =  £23,850 +  £43,650 =  £67,500 Therefore income – (fixed costs + variable costs) =  £67,500 -  £67,500 = 0 B. Assume that the holiday home is full (20 guests) for the whole period (30 weeks). Calculate the margin of safety and the sales price that could be charged per guest to break-even. -Margin of safety = maximum number of residents – break even -Max number of residents = 600 -Break even = 450 Therefore margin of safety = 600 – 450 = 150 guests When referring to the margin of safety equalling 150, in simple terms this means that the charity can drop 150 guests and still not make a loss. By dividing 150 by 30 it can also be seen that they can drop 5 guests per week making the break even point of 15 guests. Sales Price Selling price x Contribution = 150 x 97 = 14,550 Maximum income =  £150 x 600 = 90,000 (with 600 being the total number of guests.) 90,000 – 14,550 =  £75,450  £75,450 600 = 125.75 This tells us that  £125.75 can be offered to residents to break even. In order to check that the resulting answer is in fact correct I will total all costs and, if the my original answer is correct, they should equal  £75,450 Fixed costs =  £43,650 Variable costs =  £53 x 600 (number of guests) =  £31,800  £43,650 +  £31,800 =  £75,450 - £75,450 600 = £125.75 (per guest) Therefore in order for the charity to break even a charge of  £125.75 can be given to each person. C. The charity can extend its accommodation by renting an adjoining property, this would allow a further 10 guests.

Effects of Having an Ofw Parents

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data gathered on the respondents regarding on the effects of having an OFW parents. Table 1 shows that 35% are mother, 40% are father and 25% of the respondents are both parents are working abroad. This means that more father works abroad than mother and only few of the parents both work abroad. Mostly, the father is the one working for the family to sustain mainly the financial needs of the family but due to the absence of father (single-mom), they have to work hard for their children. Table 1Parent/s who work abroad | f| %| Mother| 7| 35| Father| 8| 40| Both| 5| 25| Total| 20| 100| Table 2 shows that the reasons of parents for going abroad are bigger salary (3. 05), good career opportunities (3. 05), good work/private work balance (2. 90), challenging job (2. 45), and experience something new (2. 75). This means that the primary reason for parents for working abroad are to have a bi gger salary to sustain the needs of their children and to have good career opportunities for the security of the family. On the other hand, challenging job is not the reason of the parents for working abroad.Philippine government offers a low salary even in some professionals like nurses, engineers and teachers that’s why many would prefer to work as a domestic helpers or office clerks and leave their professional jobs in the Philippines because in most cases, they’ll get paid higher overseas. And also discrimination in having job opportunities is implemented. In this case, overage applicants which comprises the age of the parents are given the least opportunity so they decided to work overseas. Another is the school which they have graduated, which is practically not necessary, is also a big factor to the employers in the country.Doing a job is about doing it well competitively. Table 2 Reasons why parent/s choose to work abroad | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| Bigg er Salary| 3. 05| Agree| 1. 5| Good career opportunities| 3. 05| Agree| 1. 5| Good work/private work balance| 2. 90| Agree| 3| Challenging job| 2. 45| Disagree| 5| Experience something new| 2. 75| Agree| 4| Total| | | | Table 3 illustrates that the benefits of having parent/s working abroad are meeting their needs including wants (2. 95), sending them to a good school (2. 95), learning to be independent (2. 80), having a decent living (3. 05), and assuring a better future.This only shows that the most benefit of having parent/s that work abroad is to have a decent living while the least is to learn to be independent. Table 3 What are the benefits of having parent/s who work abroad? | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| They can meet our needs including wants as well. | 2. 95| Agree| 3| They can send us to a good school. | 2. 95| Agree| 3| We learned to be independent. | 2. 80| Agree| 5| We can afford a decent living. | 3. 05| Agree| 1| We can assure better future. | 2. 95| Agree| 2| To tal| | | | Different Problems Encountered as a Child of an OFWTable 4 demonstrates the problems, with respect to their home and family relations, which children of an OFW encounter in the absence of their parent/s. These are the feeling that they don’t have a home (1. 95), not getting along well with their brother/sister (2. 00), not getting along well with their mother/father (2. 15), and also the feeling of anxious and lonely most of the time (2. 10). This means that these problems do not exist to them as a child of an OFW. Table 4 Home and Family Relations | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| I feel that I don’t have a home. | 1. 95| Disagree| 4|I do not get along well with my brother/sister. | 2. 00| Disagree| 3| I do not get along well with my father/mother. | 2. 15| Disagree| 1| I am anxious and lonely most of the time. | 2. 10| Disagree| 2| Total| | | | Table 5 displays the problems, in accordance to the respondents’ moral values, which children of an OFW e ncounter in the absence of their parent/s. These are being unable to determine right from wrong (2. 15), being confused on some moral questions (2. 10), having troubled or guilt conscience (1. 90), easily giving in to temptations (2. 20), and having a certain bad habit (2. 15).With corresponds to their moral values, the respondents do not viewed the above problems as a problem of an OFW child. Table 5 Moral Values | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| I am unable to determine right from wrong. | 2. 15| Disagree| 2| I am confused on some moral questions. | 2. 10| Disagree| 4| I am having troubled or guilt conscience. | 1. 90| Disagree| 5| I am easily giving in to temptations. | 2. 20| Disagree| 1| I am having a certain bad habit. | 2. 15| Disagree| 2| Total| | | | Table 6 presents the problems, with respect to education aspects, which children of an OFW encounter in the absence of their parent/s.These are being inspired to study well (2. 40), affecting their punctuality in attending cla sses which includes being late (2. 55), receiving low grades (2. 10), and not having support from family members when doing their school related activities. This means that most problem that a child of an OFW encounter is not receiving support from family members when doing their school related activities. This is because their parents are away so they have to do that on their own or by the help of their friends. On the other hand, receiving low grades is not their problem.Students of an OFW still study well even if their parent/s is not around to support them. Table 6 Education Aspects | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| I am inspired to study well. | 2. 40| Disagree| 3| I t affects my punctuality in attending classes. | 2. 55| Agree| 2| I receive low grades. | 2. 10| Disagree| 4| I don’t have support from family members when doing my school related activities. | 3. 25| Agree| 1| Total| | | | Table 7 shows the problems, in accordance to the respondents’ general well-be ing, which children of an OFW encounter in the absence of their parent/s.These are longing for parental care (2. 40), experiencing confusion on gender boundaries (2. 00), experiencing reversal of gender roles (2. 15), having poor social adjustment (1. 50), and putting burden to girl children in performing household chores (2. 20). This means that as a well- being, respondents do not experienced the above stated problems and strongly disagree they are having a poor social adjustment because in the absence of their parent/s, they usually have their friends to socialized. Table 7 General Well-being | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| I am longing for parental care. | 2. 0| Disagree| 1| I experienced confusion on gender boundaries. | 2. 00| Disagree| 3| I experienced reversal of gender roles. | 2. 15| Disagree| 4| I have poor social adjustment. | 1. 50| Strongly disagree| 5| Burden of girl children in performing household chores| 2. 20| Disagree| 2| Total| | | | Table 8 illustrates the t hree different ways of communication the respondents communicate with their parent/s abroad which are internet (60%), phone (40%), and airmails. Due to the innovation of modern technology, most of the respondents communicate with their parent/s abroad through internet and phone.Today, airmails or paper mails are not been used in communicating. Table 8 Ways of Communication to Parent/s Working Abroad | f| %| Internet| 12| 60| Phone| 8| 40| Airmail| 0| 0| Total| 20| 100| Table 9 demonstrates the frequency of communication between the parent/s abroad and their children. 30% of the respondents admitted that they have their communication almost every day, 3-5 times a week, and 1-2 times a week. Only 10% of the respondents have their communication once a month. Table 9 Frequency of Communication | f| %| Everyday| 6| 30| 3-5 times a week| 6| 30| -2 times a week| 6| 30| once a month| 2| 10| Total| 20| 100| Table 10 below displays the ways parent/s working abroad help their children in solvi ng their problems. Most parents working abroad give advices to their children regarding to their problem (35%). They also cheer up (20%) their children when they have problems to increase their children’s confidence in solving problems that they’re facing. Other ways are having a heart to heart to talk until the problem is solved (10%), sharing stories and past experiences with regards to the problem (10%), and also giving their support o their children (10%). Table 10 How does parent/s working abroad help their children in solving their problems? | F| %| They give me advices regarding to my problems | 7| 35| We always talk until my problem is solved. | 3| 15| They cheer me up when I'm down. | 4| 20| They share stories to me regarding to my problem. | 3| 15| They always give their support on me. | 3| 15| Total| 20| 100| Table 11 presents the recipient of the money earned by the parent/s working abroad. Mostly, the money is managed by the father or mother that is left ( 75%).If both parents are working abroad, the money is been given to manage by other older relatives (15%) like grandfather or grandmother and also by an older sister or brother (10%). Table 11 Who is the recipient of the money earned by the parent/s working abroad? | F| %| Mother/father| 15| 75| Sister/brother| 2| 10| Other relatives| 3| 15| Total| 20| 100| Table 12 above presents the way of managing the money earned by parent/s working abroad. It shows that the money is being used primarily for household allowance (3. 50) in buying the daily needs of the family and next is for the education purposes or school allowance (3. 0) in paying the educational fees and daily allowance of the students in the family. The respondents also admitted that they used the money for the medication (2. 95) of the family whenever someone has been hospitalized or get sick. On the other hand, they refused that the money earned by their parent/s abroad is being used for shopping (2. 10) or buying luxury i tems. Table 12 How is it being used? | WM| Verbal Interpretation| Rank| Medication| 2. 95| Agree| 3| Household Allowance| 3. 50| Agree| 1| School Allowance| 3. 20| Agree| 2| Shopping| 2. 10| Disagree| 4| Total| | | |

The heart and soul of Jamaica

Regarded as the nucleus of Rastafarian civilization, reggae music is besides the bosom and psyche of Jamaica. Rastafarianism emerged in the twentieth century along with reggae music in the 1960 ‘s. The latter has been a manner of uncovering Rastafarianism to persons while Rastafarianism has contributed to the growing of the reggae genre, exemplifying the mutual relationship between the two. One of the major boosters of both Rastafarianism and its music has been Bob Marley who, via globally celebrated paths, has helped the two proliferate. I wish to look at the influence of reggae and rastafari beyond the West Indies because I feel that Reggae is alone, joyful and does something to people, different to other music. This is largely due to the thoughts behind it, and I want to demo that it ‘s non merely about marihuanas and the usual stereotypes of Rastafarians but to demo the beauty and significance of listening to Reggae and being a Rastafarian. During the 1930 ‘s Jamaica was an island where depression, favoritism and racism dominated, particularly in the poorest countries. This is where Rastafarianism came in to assist out the community. The Rasta ‘s claim that Haile Selassie, emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974, was the re embodiment of Jesus Christ and their faith worships a individual God, known as Jah. Rastafarianism hence originated in Jamaica around this clip as a consequence of the strong subjugation by Western states. Its basic rules include the desire to withstand Babylon ( a common term used to specify Western civilization ) every bit good as utilizing non-violence as a method to accomplish this. Furthermore their rules consist of a peaceable independent and independent society together with a symbiotic relationship with nature and their surrounding environment illustrated by the fact that frequently Rastafarians are vegetarians and prefer avoiding groceries such as intoxicant, meat, porc and shellfi sh alternatively establishing their diets on alternate foods such as those in Mangifera indica and coconut. Another highly of import facet of the Rastafarian civilization is dreadlocks ; in fact these are a manner to disown Babylon and its artificiality animating apprehension in its dwellers. Furthermore Rastafarians believe that by agitating their dreadlocks a connexion is created between God and themselves. Another method of finishing this godly connexion is by smoking marijuana which besides counteracts the day-to-day subjugation. The Rastafarian method of non-violence has hence allowed the endurance of Jamaica ‘s population along with other settlements of the West Indies supplying endurance against the influence of Babylon every bit good as pride in the African civilization. Originally functioning as a method of reconstructing ego consciousness every bit good as their African roots reggae music today plays a major function in learning the Rastafarian people about the ‘oppressive, delusory and dissentious ‘ nature of the system under which they live and, as written above, serves as the primary manner to eliminate Babylon, with Nyabinghi music being the most built-in signifier of it. Reggae developed from several other musical manners including ska, rocksteady, mento every bit good as American R & A ; B. Furthermore, although the bulk of wireless Stationss were situated in Florida or Louisiana, some were powerful plenty to convey their music every bit far as Jamaica therefore act uponing the development of this genre. Merely in the 1960 ‘s did Reggae go an officially distinguishable genre. Reggae is based on a musical attack characterized by speech patterns on the off-beat which is identified as the filth. It besides contains a heavy back beated beat which means there is an accent on specific beats in a saloon, an illustration of this in beats 2 and 4 in 4/4 clip. This backbeat differs greatly from the usual strong African-based sounds and is non found in typical European or Asiatic music. The music is besides often really straightforward, and on occasion it will be constructed and based upon no more than one or two chords. These simple repeating chord structures hence add to the hypnotic effects of reggae. Reggae music consists of several instruments which include membranophones and other percussion, bass guitars and guitars, keyboards, horns and vocals. Furthermore the reggae rub-a-dubs are normally selected from three major classs: One bead, Rockers and Steppers. In the first, the emphasis is to the full on the 3rd round of the saloon ( typically on the trap, or joint with the bass membranophone ) . With Rockers round, the emphasis is on the 3rd round every bit good as an speech pattern on round one ( normally on bass membranophone ) while in the last, the bass membranophone plays four solid beats to the saloon, giving the round an relentless force. There is besides extended assortment of extra percussion instruments that are used in Reggae music. Bongos are frequently used in jury-rigged forms with African manner beat but cowbells, Shakerss and claves besides have cardinal functions in reggae music. Besides, the bass guitar on a regular basis plays a prima place in reggae and, unite d, the membranophone and bass are typically referred to as the â€Å" riddim † ( Rhythm ) . The sound of bass in reggae is thick and heavy and the bass line is frequently an unsophisticated two-bar Riff that is focused around its thickest and heaviest note. Another cardinal instrument in reggae music is the beat guitar which plays chords chiefly on the 2nd and 4th beats of a saloon which, as written on the old page, is a sequence of round known as filth upon which reggae is mostly based. Furthermore this instrument is played to bring forth a really short and abrasive chop sound which causes it to sound similar to a percussion instrument. From the late sixtiess to the early eighties the piano was besides a chief characteristic in reggae music duplicating the guitar ‘s filth beat, playing chords in a disconnected manner or occasional excess beats or Riffs. From the 1980s onwards synthesists were used to replace the piano, following organ-style sounds in order to accomplis h the jerky feel typical to this manner of music. Another household of instruments utilized in reggae is the brass subdivision, including saxophones, huntsman's horns and trombones. These frequently play debuts or counter-melodies but, in more recent times, are being replaced, along with the piano portion, by synthesists. In comparing to the other instruments and beat of reggae, the vocals are a more of important facet of the genre. In fact they are distinguishable from other genres as they straight deliver specific messages to the audience, the nature of which will be discussed in the undermentioned paragraph. Many reggae vocalists use embroideries of assorted sorts such as tremolos ( volume oscillation ) or vibrato ( flip oscillation ) . Possibly the most cardinal portion of Reggae is its wordss, known for their tradition to cover assorted topics including love, peace, faith, gender, relationships and socialising. Some of the messages sent to the audience via the wordss are optimistic and cheerful, but they may besides be of political significance as the vocalist attempts to increase the consciousness of the audience to such affairs. This is achieved by knocking philistinism or edifying the hearer with wordss refering controversial issues such as the Apartheid or human rights. Reggae song-writers chiefly sing about one love and one universe, integrity and brotherhood of all world, the coming together irrespective of diverse beliefs, and the hope of a new tomorrow. In add-on Reggae wordss are, as written in above pages, faith oriented, frequently discoursing spiritual capable affair such as paying testimonial to the Rastafari God, Jah. Other common wordss are based on socio-political issues, for illustration the embra cing of black patriotism, anti capitalist economy, unfavorable judgment of political systems and Babylon which, as antecedently discussed, is the parlance used for the white political authorization organisation that has held back the black race for centuries. The wordss in Reggae music remind the audience of the vocalist ‘s demand to derive freedom which in bend addresses the pursuit for freedom of all people who are oppressed globally. Robert Nesta Marley or more likely known, Bob Marley was born in a small countryside town in Jamaica on 6th of February 1945. He was a singer, performing artist, songster, and a innovator to many because of his manner of presenting reggae music to the universe, and he still remains to be one of the most idolized instrumentalists to this day of the month. Bob was the kid of a black stripling female parent and a much older, shortly after non present white male parent. His earlier old ages in the countryside small town were spent in the community of St. Ann. This is where Marley meets one of his child-hood friends, and future confederate in music, called Neville â€Å" Bunny Wailer † O'Riley Livingston. They both attended the same school, and they reciprocally shared a love called music. Bob was encouraged to get down playing guitar thanks to Bunny. Neville ‘s male parent and Bob Marley ‘s female parent subsequently had an matter together which resulted in all of them populating together for some clip in Kingston ; this is harmonizing to Christopher John Farley ‘s Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley. Marley in the late 1950 ‘s lived in Trench Town ; this is one of Kingston ‘s poorest vicinities. Even though the poorness influenced him a batch he still found motive in the music that surrounded him. This is because there were a twosome of successful instrumentalists which were from Trench Town every bit good. Besides as I mentioned before, many other sounds and music was broadcasted from America which many creative persons such as Elvis Presley, Ray Charles, Fats Domino, influenced Marley ‘s love for music. Bob and Bunny dedicated most of their clip to music and under the supervising of Joe Higgs, a celebrated reggae instrumentalist in Jamaica, Marley tried to develop on his vocalizing accomplishments. Under the tutoring of Higgs Marley met another pupil, Peter McIntosh which subsequently became Peter Tosh, who would play with Marley and Livingston subsequently on, to be known as The Wailers. Approximately in 1962 a local record manufacturer, named Leslie Kong, liked Bob ‘s vocalizing and produced a little figure of singles for Marley, one of them being â€Å" Judge Not † . His little success as a solo creative person, made Marley articulation and make a set with his two friends, Bunny and Tosh, to organize the ‘Wailing Wailers ‘ in 1963. In January 1964 the first individual that they all made called â€Å" Simmer Down † rose up to the top of Jamaican charts, at this point of the sets position 3 other members had joined the Wailing Wailers. These new set members included Junior Braithwaite, Beverly Kelso, and Cherry Smith. Even though the sets popularity was lifting in Jamaica, they still had fiscal jobs and this caused for 3 of the members to go forth, these were Junior, Beverly and Cherry. The 3 original members went through a unsmooth spot for a period of clip and Marley moved to the United States where he married Rita Anderson on 1966. After some clip Bob returned to his place, Jamaica and reunited with bunny and Tosh now form ‘The Wailers ‘ . At this point in Marley ‘s life he started to develop and research his religious side and his involvement grew for the Rastafarian motion. At this point the Rastafarian motion had been in Jamaica over 30 old ages. In the late 1960 ‘s some of the vocals that the wailers produced where â€Å" Trench Town Rock † , â€Å" Soul Rebel † , and â€Å" Four Hundred Old ages † . In the 1970 ‘s the wailers added two new members, Aston â€Å" Family Man † Barret and his brother Carlton † Carlie † Barret. They subsequently got a contract with Island Records which resulted in the entering their first full album, Catch a Fire, and tour Britain and the United States in 1973. Burnin, their following album was released that same twelvemonth and this album featured vocals like â€Å" I Shot the Sheriff † . Their following album in 1975, Natty Dread, reflected some of the political jobs that Jamaica was confronting between the Peoples National Party and the Jamaica Labor Party. Some of the struggles between these two parties can be seen in one of their vocals â€Å" Rebels † , this vocal was inspired because of Marley ‘s ain firsthand experience of these struggles. One sad fact about this album was that two if the original members left to prosecute their ain solo callings, these were Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer. The sets and reggaes popularity was increased abroad when the set toured extensively now called Bob Marley & A ; the Wailers. They were joined by I-Threes which consisted of a group of 3 female singers, Marley ‘s married woman Rita, Marcia Griffiths, and Judy Mowatt. Marley was get downing to be on his manner to going an international music icon and was already a much admired star in Jamaica. He entered the U.S music charts in 1976 with the album ‘Rastaman Vibration ‘ . His devotedness to his religion and his involvement in political alteration was reflected in one of his vocals, â€Å" War † . The wordss to this vocal where taken from a address by Haile Selassie, the vocal discusses a new Africa, freedom, and racism. In 1976 there was an effort of blackwash on Marley because of his popularity and support of the People ‘s National Party from the challengers. The dark of December 3, 1976, a group of armed work forces broke into Marley ‘s and the Wailers dry run before a concert. Marley and his married woman were lucky and were merely injured from gun shootings but Don Taylor was shot 5 times and had to hold surgery in order to salvage him. Even though the effort of blackwash had occurred, Marley still played at the show that dark. The undermentioned twenty-four hours the Marley ‘s escaped the state. The following twelvemonth, 1977, Bob moved to London where he began to work on ‘Exodus ‘ . This vocal speaks about scriptural narratives of Moses and the Israelites go forthing expatriate and comparing this to his ain state of affairs. This subject besides links to another subject discussed in the vocal being returning to Africa, to the roots of Africans. This path was really popular in Britain and this vocal was followed with other successful vocals like ‘Waiting in Vain ‘ and ‘Jammin ‘ . The whole album was really popular and stayed in the British charts for more than a twelvemonth and is considered one of the best albums of all time made. During 1977, Marley wanted intervention on a toe he had injured earlier that twelvemonth, so detecting it to be cancerous cells on his toe. Bob required surgery for it to be removed in Miami, Florida. Even thought Marley and the Wailers were doing Exodus they all recorded what would be released on another album, Kaya, which came out the undermentioned twelvemonth, 1978. The two chief records in this album were ‘Is This Love ‘ and ‘Satisfy My Soul ‘ , this record subject was love. Even after his last experience in Jamaica with an effort of blackwash he returned to Jamaica and in his One Love Peace Concert he made the two parties PNP and JLP leaders shake custodies on phase, I think this shows the finding of Bob towards integrity and love. That same twelvemonth Bob visited Africa for the first clip in his life. He visited topographic points like Kenya and Ethiopia and evidently Ethiopia being more important to him because of the dealingss with Rastafarianism. His following album portrayed a batch the integrity of Africa and the terminal of the subjugation at that place. Survival, the album, was largely inspired from his visit to Africa. A immense international success, Uprising ( 1980 ) featured â€Å" Could You Be Loved † and â€Å" Redemption Song. † The pared down folk-sounding â€Å" Redemption Song † was an illustration of Marley ‘s endowments as a songster, crafting poetic wordss with societal and political importance. The line â€Å" emancipate yourselves from mental bondage ; none but ourselves can liberate our heads † is merely one illustration of his prowess. On circuit to back up the album, Bob Marley & A ; The Wailers traveled throughout Europe, playing to big crowds. The group besides planned a series of concerts in the United States, but the tour shortly fell apart. In New York City, they played two concerts at Madison Square Garden before Marley became badly. It was discovered that the earlier malignant neoplastic disease discovered in his toe had spread throughout his organic structure. Traveling to Europe, Bob Marley underwent unconventional intervention in Germany. He was able to contend off the malignant neoplastic disease for months. But as it became clear that he did non hold much longer to populate, Marley tried to return to his beloved Jamaica one last clip. He was non able to complete the journey, deceasing in Miami, Florida, on May 11, 1981. Shortly before his decease, Marley had received the Order of Merit from the Jamaican authorities. He had besides been awarded the Medal of Peace from the United Nations in 1980. Adored by the people of Jamaica, Marley was given a hero ‘s sendoff. More than 30,000 people paid their respects to him while his organic structure was lying in province at the National Arena. As a portion of his memorial service, his married woman Rita, Marcia Griffiths, and Judy Mowatt American ginseng and the Wailers played.